Glutamate in the parabrachial nucleus of rats during conditioned taste aversion.

Brain microdialysis combined with HPLC and spectroscopic detection was used to monitor extracellular glutamate in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of rats during acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Microdialysis fractions taken every 20 min were used to assess the effects of presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone (CS, consumption of 0.1% saccharin), the unconditioned stimulus alone (US, intraperitoneal injection of 0.15 M LiCl, 2% b.w. induced malaise after water drinking) as well as that of CS-US pairing. After 15 min of saccharin drinking, the glutamate concentration in the eluate (20 microl/20 min) reached 80% above the baseline but returned to the basal value in the next fraction. LiCl alone (applied 1 h after 15 min drinking of water) increased glutamate only following some delay, i.e. in the second and third post-lithium fraction by 90 and 67%, respectively. However, when LiCl was injected 1 h after the onset of saccharin intake, the glutamate concentration rose significantly (by 95%) already in the first post-LiCl fraction and by 120% in the second one. It appears, therefore, that the 'saccharin trace' facilitates the effect of lithium on extracellular concentration of glutamate in PBN during acquisition of CTA.